Isakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane
Isakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane: Ukuqonda Nokwakha Izindaba Ezifushane Ezithakazelisayo
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane siyisisekelo esibalulekile esisiza ababhali nabafundi
baqonde indlela indaba efushane eyakhiwe ngayo nokuthi imayelana nani. Uma
sikhuluma ngezindaba ezimfishane, asikhulumi nje ngomlando omude noma izincazelo
ezinzima, kodwa ngokuhleleka okuyisisekelo esenza indaba ibe nomthelela, icacise
umqondo, futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokubamba ukunaka kwabafundi. Ngakho-ke,
ukuqonda kahle isakhiwo sendaba emfushane kuyindlela enhle yokwakha indaba
ephumelelayo futhi enengqondo.
Yini Ngempela Isakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane?
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane singachazwa njengendlela indaba ehlelwa ngayo ukuze ibe
nekhono lokudonsa abafundi, ibaluleke, futhi ifike emqamlezweni wayo ngokushesha.
Ngokungafani nezincwadi ezinde noma izindaba ezihlukahlukene, izindaba ezimfishane
zidinga ukugxila ekwenzeni konke kube ngokufanele, kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekupheleni.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke umqondo, izenzakalo, nabalingiswa kudinga ukuba nezinjongo
ezicacile.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zesakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane
Ukuqonda isakhiwo sendaba emfushane, kubalulekile ukubheka izici eziyisisekelo
ezihlanganisa:
Isingeniso: Lapha, umbhali wethula isizinda sendaba, abalingiswa abakhulu,
1.
nomqondo oyinhloko. Kuyindawo lapho umfundi edonswa khona ukuze aqhubeke
efunda.
Inkinga noma Uxakaxaka: Indaba idinga ukuba nenkinga ethile noma isimo
2.
esidinga ukuxazululwa, okwenza indaba ibe nomfutho.
Ukuphakama Kwesenzo: Lesi yisikhathi lapho inkinga iba nzima futhi umfundi
3.
eqhubeka nokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele endabeni.
Isixazululo: Lapha inkinga ixazululwa noma indaba ifinyelela esiphethweni sayo.
4.
Isiphetho: Isiphetho sivamise ukuhlinzeka ngokugcina umqondo noma ukufundisa
5.
umfundi isifundo esithile.
Lezi zinto zenza isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sibe lula ukuqonda futhi sibe nomthelela
omkhulu.
Indlela Yokwakha Isakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane Esihle
Ukubhala indaba emfushane akusikho nje ukudala amagama amaningi, kodwa
kumayelana nokuhlela kahle izenzakalo nezisho ukuze indaba ibe nencazelo, ibe nesimilo,
futhi ikwazi ukubamba umfundi kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
1. Qala Ngomqondo Oqinile
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane siqala ngomqondo ocacile. Kungaba yisenzakalo esithile,
umuzwa, noma umbuzo ophoqelela umfundi ukuba acabange. Umqondo ocacile
uzokwenza kube lula ukwakha izigaba zendabuko zesakhiwo.
2. Yenza Abalingiswa Bakhumbuleke
Nakuba indaba emfushane ingadingi izinganekwane eziningi, abalingiswa ababalulekile
kumele bakhombise ubuntu obucacile futhi bahlale engqondweni yomfundi. Lokhu kusho
ukuthi akudingeki ukuba banezici eziningi, kodwa lezo ezikhona kumele zibe namandla.
3. Gxila Enkingini Ephambili
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sidinga inkinga eyodwa noma uxakaxaka olungathatha
indawo enkulu endabeni. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina indaba isendleleni eyodwa, igwema
ukudideka, futhi kwenza umfundi azibandakanye kakhulu.
4. Sebenzisa Ukuphakama Kwesenzo Ngokuhlakanipha
Ukuphakama kwesenzo kuyisikhathi lapho indaba ifinyelela khona esigabeni esibaluleke
kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, umfundi ufanele azizwe esezwa ukungezwani, ukungezwani, noma
ukungezwani okukhulu okwenza indaba ibe nemizwa.
5. Qedela Ngokuthinta Inhliziyo
Isiphetho sesakhiwo sendaba emfushane siyithuba lokushiya umfundi enomuzwa othile,
kungaba ukujabula, ukudabuka, noma ukufundiswa isifundo esibalulekile. Ukuphetha
kahle kubalulekile ukuze indaba ihlale engqondweni yomfundi.
Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Isakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane Ezimweni
Zokufunda Nokubhala
Ukufunda ngokwakha isakhiwo sendaba emfushane kungasiza kakhulu abafundi nababhali
ekuthuthukiseni amakhono abo okubhala nezokucabanga. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa
zokusebenzisa lokhu:
Ukufundisa Izisekelo Zokubhala
Abafundisi bangasebenzisa isakhiwo sendaba emfushane njengesisekelo sokufundisa
abafundi indlela yokuhlela amaqoqo, ukwakha izenzakalo, kanye nokudala abalingiswa.
Lokhu kubenza bafunde ukubhala izindaba ezinemigomo ecacile nokuxoxa izindaba
ngendlela ekhuthazayo.
Ukuthuthukisa Amandla Okuxoxa Izindaba
Ukusebenzisa isakhiwo sendaba emfushane kuvumela ababhali ukufunda ukuthi
bangagxila kanjani emiqondweni ebalulekile ngaphambi kokuthi bathumele umlayezo.
Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu uma kudingeka ukuthi izindaba zifinyelele abantu ngokushesha,
njengezindaba ezisemagazini noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Ukucubungula Izindaba Ezihlukahlukene
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane siphinde sisize ekuhlaziyeni nasekuqondeni izindaba
ezimfishane ezitholakala ezincwadini, kumaphephandaba, noma ezindaweni eziku-
inthanethi. Lokhu kwandisa ukuqonda kokuthi izindaba zihlelwa kanjani ukuze zibe
nomthelela.
Izibonelo Zokwakhiwa Kwendaba Emfushane
Ukuze siqonde kangcono indlela isakhiwo sendaba emfushane esisebenza ngayo, ake
sibheke isibonelo esilula:
Isingeniso: UThabo ugijima esikoleni ezama ukufika ngesikhathi.
1.
Inkinga: Uthola ukuthi isitimela sakhe sesiphumile futhi isikhathi siyehlile.
2.
Ukuphakama Kwesenzo: UThabo ulwa nokwesaba ukuthi angaphuthelwa umdlalo
3.
wakhe wemidlalo.
Isixazululo: Umngani wakhe umnika ucingo olusheshayo lokuthola indlela ehlukile.
4.
Isiphetho: UThabo ufika ngesikhathi, efunda ukubaluleka kokungazimiseli.
5.
Lesi sakhiwo esilula sikhombisa ukuthi isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sihamba kanjani futhi
singasetshenziswa kanjani ekubhaleni izindaba ezimfishane ezithakazelisayo.
Ukubaluleka Kokusebenzisa Isakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane
Ekubhaleni
Ukuqonda isakhiwo sendaba emfushane akugcini nje ngokwandisa ikhono lokubhala,
kodwa futhi kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okucabanga, ukuhlela nokuxhumana.
Lokhu kubalulekile hhayi kuphela kubalobi bezindaba kodwa nakubantu abavame
ukusebenzisa izincwadi njengendlela yokwabelana ngolwazi nemicabango.
Uma umuntu eba nekhono lokwakha izindaba ezimfishane ezinemigomo ecacile, uyakwazi
ukudlulisa imiyalezo yakhe ngendlela ecacile, efundisayo, futhi ejabulisayo. Lokhu
kuhlanganisa ukubhala izindaba zesikole, izindaba zempilo, noma izindaba zomsebenzi.
Izinyathelo Zokuthuthukisa Izindaba Ezimfishane
Ukuze uthuthukise amakhono akho ekwakheni isakhiwo sendaba emfushane, ungazama
lezi zeluleko:
Funda izindaba ezimfishane ezahlukene ukuze uqonde izindlela ezahlukene
1.
zokwakha isakhiwo.
Bhala indaba emfushane ngendaba oyithandayo, ugxile ekwakheni isakhiwo
2.
esicacile.
Cela abanye bakubuyekeze ukuze uthole imibono ehlukile.
3.
Phinda ubhale futhi uthuthukise indaba yakho ngokusekelwe eziphakamiso
4.
ozitholile.
Hlola ukuthi indaba yakho inezigaba ezine ezibalulekile: isingeniso, inkinga,
5.
ukuphakama kwesenzo, nesiphetho.
Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo kuzokwenza indaba yakho ibe nenjongo futhi ibe nomthelela
omkhulu kubafundi.
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane siyithuluzi elibalulekile ekubhaleni nasekufundeni izindaba.
Ngokusebenzisa kahle izakhiwo zalo ezisemqoka, singathuthukisa ikhono lokuxoxa
izindaba ngendlela esebenzayo, ethokozisayo, futhi eqondile. Lokhu kusiza ekwabelaneni
ngemicabango, izifundo, kanye nemizwa ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi ehlala
engqondweni.
Question
Answer
Yini isakhiwo sendaba
emfushane?
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane yindlela indaba
ehlelwe ngayo, okuhlanganisa isingeniso, inkinga,
intuthuko, kanye nesiphetho.
Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko
zesakhiwo sendaba emfushane?
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zifaka isingeniso, inkinga,
intuthuko yendaba, umphumela, kanye nesiphetho.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuqonda
isakhiwo sendaba emfushane?
Kubalulekile ngoba kusiza umfundi ukuqonda
nokulandela indaba kalula, futhi kusiza umbhali
ukuhlela indaba ngendlela ecacile nefundisayo.
Ungayichaza kanjani inkinga
esakhiweni sendaba emfushane?
Inkinga ibonisa udaba oluyinhloko noma isimo
esiphikisanayo esibekwe endabeni esenza intuthuko
yendaba ibe nesithakazelo.
Yini umehluko phakathi
kwesakhiwo sendaba emfushane
nesomlando?
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sigxile ekubaleni
indaba emfushane enezingxenye ezicacile, kanti
isakhiwo somlando sigxile ekuchazeni izenzakalo
zomlando ngendlela ehlelekile.
Ungalusebenzisa kanjani
isakhiwo sendaba emfushane
ekubhaleni izindaba
ezimfushane?
Ungalusebenzisa ngokuhlela indaba yakho uqale
ngenkinga, ulandele intuthuko yezenzakalo, bese
uphetha ngokuxazulula inkinga noma ngesifundo
esitholakele.
**Ukuqonda Isakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane: Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile Kwezincazelo Nezici**
isakhiwo sendaba emfushane siyisihloko esibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi indaba
emfushane yakhiwa kanjani ukuze ifinyelele umphumela ohlosiwe kumfundi. Emhlabeni
wezincwadi nezindaba, isakhiwo sendaba sincike ezintweni eziningana ezihlanganisa
ukuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwendaba, ukufinyelela esiphethweni, kanye nezinhlaka
ezihambisana nazo ezifana nezimpawu zabalingiswa, indawo, nesikhathi. Ukuqonda kahle
lezi zici kuyingxenye ebalulekile kubabhali, abafundi, kanye nabahlaziyi bezincwadi
abafuna ukuqonda ngokujulile ukuthi indaba emfushane isebenza kanjani.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezakhiwo Eziyisisekelo Zendaba Emfushane
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane simelela indlela indaba ehlelwa ngayo kusukela ekuqaleni
kuze kube sekupheleni. Le nqubo ifaka izigaba ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa isingeniso,
inkinga noma ingxabano ephakathi kwabadlali bendaba, kanye nesixazululo saleyo
nkinga. Ngokujwayelekile, isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sihloswe ukuletha umyalezo
ocacile, ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zesakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane
Ukuqonda isakhiwo sendaba emfushane kudinga ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezine
eziyisisekelo:
Isingeniso (Introduction): Lapha kufakwa ulwazi oluyisisekelo oludingekayo
1.
ukuze umfundi aqonde indawo, isikhathi, nabalingiswa abakhona endabeni.
Inkinga (Conflict): Inkinga iyisici esibalulekile esiqhakambisa izinselelo noma
2.
izingxabano ezibhekene nabalingiswa, okwenza indaba ibe nomdlandla.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwendaba (Rising Action): Le ngxenye ikhombisa indlela
3.
inkinga ethuthuka ngayo, okubangela ukwanda kokungezwani noma izigameko
ezithinta abalingiswa.
Isiphetho (Conclusion): Lapha, inkinga ixazululwa noma indaba iphetha ngendlela
4.
evumela umfundi ukuthi acabange noma athole umyalezo ocacile.
Lezi zigaba zenza isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sibe esifushane, esiqondile, futhi
esinobuciko bokuletha umyalezo ngendlela ebamba umfundi.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwendaba Emfushane Neminye Imibhalo
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokubhala ezifana nezindaba ezinde noma
izincwadi, isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sinezici ezihlukile. Indaba emfushane
ngokuvamile ibhalwa ngezinga elifushane lemibhalo elihlose ukuthumela umyalezo
ocacile, ngokuvamile igxile esenzweni esisodwa noma esicashile. Lokhu kuhlukile
ezincwadini ezinde lapho izigaba eziningi nezindaba ezingaphansi kungathuthukiswa
ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukubaluleka Kokwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane asiwona nje umgogodla wokwakha indaba, kodwa futhi
uyithuluzi elibalulekile lokugcina umfundi enesifiso sokufunda. Uma isakhiwo singahlelwa
kahle, indaba ingalahleka futhi ingabi nomthelela ofanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi,
isakhiwo esihle sibamba umfundi kusukela ekuqaleni kuye ekupheleni, sidala isimo
esijulile sokuxhumana phakathi kombhali nomfundi.
Izindlela Zokwenza Isakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane Sisebenze Kahle
Ukuze isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sisebenze kahle, ababhali bavame ukusebenzisa
amasu ambalwa abalulekile:
Ukugxila Esiqeshini Esiyinhloko: Ukugwema izindaba eziningi ezihlukene,
1.
kugxilwe endabeni eyodwa ephambili.
Ukusebenzisa Izikhathi Nezindawo Ngokuphumelelayo: Ukuchaza kahle
2.
indawo nesikhathi kusiza umfundi ukuba angene kahle endabeni.
Ukuqamba Abalingiswa Abanobungqabavu: Abalingiswa abaphilayo
3.
nabanezinhloso ezicacile benza indaba ibe nomthelela ongcono.
Ukugcina Ukungabaza (Suspense): Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokugcina umfundi
4.
ebheke phambili ekutheni kuzokwenzekani kwenza indaba ibe mnandi ukufunda.
Lezi zindlela ziyindlela yokwakha isakhiwo sendaba emfushane esingaphuthelwa ukuze
kufinyelelwe ekubhaleni okuhehayo.
Izibonelo Zesakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane Ezidumile
Ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuthi isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sisebenza kanjani,
kubalulekile ukubheka izibonelo ezaziwayo. Izindaba ezifana ne-“The Lottery” kaShirley
Jackson noma “A Good Man is Hard to Find” kaFlannery O’Connor zibonisa ngendlela
ecacile ukuthi isakhiwo sendaba singathuthukiswa kanjani ukuze sikhiqize umthelela
omkhulu.
Ukuqhathanisa Izakhiwo Zendaba Ezihlukene
Nakuba zombili lezi zindaba zinezimpawu eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo sendaba emfushane,
zihluke ngendlela:
Isimo: “The Lottery” isethwe endaweni encane, emhlabeni wangempela, kuyilapho
1.
“A Good Man is Hard to Find” inezindawo ezihambayo nezinguquko zesikhathi.
Indaba: Kokubili kunezingxabano eziqinile, kodwa ezihlukile ngendlela eziveza
2.
ngayo imicabango nemibono yempilo.
Isiphetho: Iziphetho zabo zihluke kakhulu kodwa zombili zishiya umfundi ecabanga
3.
kakhulu ngokwenzeka.
Lezi zibonelo ziqinisa ukuqonda ukuthi isakhiwo sendaba emfushane singaba lula noma
sibe yinkimbinkimbi, kodwa sonke isidingo sakhe ukuthi sihlangabezane nezidingo
zokuletha umyalezo ngendlela efanele.
Umthelela Wesakhiwo Sendaba Emfushane EkuFundeni
Nasemibhalweni Yamanje
Ekuhlaziyeni izincwadi zanamuhla nezindaba, isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sisekhona
njengesisekelo esiqinile sokwakha imibhalo ephumelelayo. Njengoba izikhathi zishintsha,
ababhali abaningi basebenzisa izakhiwo ezihlukile zokwenza indaba ibe mnandi futhi
ifinyeleleke kalula kumfundi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa indlela yokuxoxa
indaba engajwayelekile, ukufaka izimfihlo, kanye nezinguquko zesikhathi.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nezidingo Zesikhathi Samanje
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane asigcini nje ngokulandela izindlela zakudala; ababhali
bama-21st century bavame ukufaka izakhiwo eziguqukayo ezifana ne-nonlinear narrative,
ukungaqondakali kwesiphetho, kanye nokugxila emicabangweni nasezinkingeni
zomphakathi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isakhiwo sendaba emfushane siyakwazi
ukuhambisana nezidingo zomphakathi nezobuciko.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda isakhiwo sendaba emfushane akugcini nje ngokusiza ekubhaleni
nasekufundeni kodwa futhi kubalulekile ekuhlaziyeni nasekuthuthukiseni amakhono
okuxoxa indaba ngezindlela ezintsha nezithinta inhliziyo yomfundi.
Isakhiwo sendaba emfushane sihlala siyisisekelo esiqinile sokwakha izindaba
eziphumelelayo nezihlaba umxhwele, futhi ukuqonda kwaso kuqhubeka nokuba
nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni wobuciko bokubhala.
indaba emfushane, isakhiwo sendaba, izigaba zendaba, umlando wendaba, indaba
yesizulu, ukwakheka kwendaba, izakhi zendaba, ukufingqa indaba, izenzakalo zendaba,
ukuthuthukiswa kwendaba
